
American Leadership at Risk: Protecting U.S. Life Sciences Innovation Amid China’s Ascent
The future is not promised for America’s leadership in the life sciences. Over the past decade, China has aggressively expanded its innovation ecosystem with the goal of building the world’s dominant biopharmaceutical sector. Meanwhile, some in Washington are considering policies that would weaken U.S. industry.
Continuing down this path would undermine Americans’ access to life-saving cures, stifle scientific progress, and destabilize an industry that supports over 4.9 million high-quality U.S. jobs.
We Work For Health and other leading voices are sounding the alarm. It’s time for American policymakers to listen – and act – before it’s too late.
Hear it from the Experts – China’s Biotech Ambitions: The Growing Threat to America’s Leadership
China Outpacing the U.S.
China is surging ahead in biopharmaceutical innovation, gaining ground in clinical trials, drug approvals and new breakthroughs. These trends represent a fundamental shift in global leadership and a warning sign for the future of American innovation.
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Chinese CAR-T therapies are scaling at extraordinary speed, with over 850 CAR-T trials in China compared to about 601 in the United States since 2017.1
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In 2024, China registered approximately 7,100 clinical trials, compared to around 6,000 in the United States.2
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Between 2019 and 2023, China approved 256 new drugs, exceeding the 243 new approvals in the U.S. over the same period.3
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In 2024 alone, China’s NMPA approved 228 NDAs (123 small molecules and 93 biologics) — an unprecedented pace compared to the FDA’s typical 50–60 new approvals annually.4
WHAT THE EXPERTS ARE SAYING
"These trends threaten to shortchange the American biotech ecosystem. Every dollar spent to license compounds from China is a dollar diverted from innovation corridors such as South San Francisco and North Carolina’s Research Triangle."
"To win the biotechnology race, we need to start by getting our own house in order. Currently, the U.S. government has no cohesive, intentional biotechnology strategy, while China is gaining ground thanks to its aggressive and carefully coordinated state-led initiatives."
"If the United States instead imports other countries' price-control schemes, global medical R&D will collapse, with no country but China likely to pick up the slack."
“At a time when China is becoming an increasingly fierce competitor in this industry, policymakers should stop approaching America’s biopharmaceutical industry with price controls and tariffs and instead start supporting it in two key ways: 1. by insisting that other countries pay their fair share for medicines—thereby raising the floor instead of racing to the bottom; and 2. by investing in public-private partnerships to develop the technological innovations that can help companies cost-competitively manufacture medicines in the United States (generic and innovative alike).”
“If the U.S. continues to hamstring its own industry, we will risk ceding the future of medicine to China, our access to medical innovations, and a robust industrial research and manufacturing base with high-paying jobs that follow.”
"In the face of this onslaught, no single action will be enough; there is no silver bullet that will singlehandedly delay China’s progress by a decade or secure U.S. dominance for a generation. Rather, the U.S. government must aggressively deploy all the tools at its disposal to preserve American biotechnology leadership."
“Most favored nation is a deeply flawed proposal that would devastate our nation’s small- and mid-size biotech companies – the very companies that are the leading drivers of medical innovation in the United States and the cornerstone of America’s biotechnology leadership.”
"Harnessing our innovative strength will require prioritization. We must treat biological data as geopolitically important, as China already does. We must ensure that researchers have the tools they need to continue conducting the best research in the United States. And we must emphasize safety, security, and responsibility—so that the norms and standards of innovation align with American values and interests."
"China is no longer a market of “me-too” drugs. Increasingly, the country is home to first-in-class or globally competitive therapies, particularly in areas like oncology, autoimmune disease, and cell therapy. What’s more, the price point is compelling – some Chinese-developed assets are “30% off” typical market valuations, creating significant upside for early backers."
“We need to think about the cost of our research and development activities and how to do it cheaper. We have to be competitive with what China is doing.”
“The current system works by ensuring broad patient access to medicine while enabling companies to reinvest in research and development. Drastic changes such as MFN pricing would upend this balance and threaten job creation and investment in states like Georgia.”
“America leads the world in drug development because we reward risk-taking. MFN would reverse that -- cutting off the lifeblood of future cures and weakening our global leadership. We urge policymakers to reject MFN and pursue smarter reforms that improve access without sacrificing innovation. The future of medicine depends on it.”
"China’s approach to recruiting and retaining foreign talent stands in stark contrast. The Chinese government invests vast sums of money to attract international students and workers, using state-of-the-art, multi-million-dollar research facilities and large cash incentives to lure them to China."


